UNIVERSITY    OF   CALIFORNIA 

COLLEGE    OF    AGRICULTURE 
AGRICULTURAL    EXPERIMENT    STATION 

CIRCULAR  No.  215 
September,  1919 

FEEDING  DAIRY  COWS  IN  CALIFORNIA 

By  F.  W.  WOLL 


Many  of  the  dairy  cows  in  this  state,  as  elsewhere,  yield  only 
small  amounts  of  milk,  even  when  fresh,  and  have  but  little  "  dairy 
blood"  in  them,  being  the  issue  of  grade  or  scrub  cows  mated  to 
bulls  of  unknown  breeding.  Some  of  these  cows  cannot  be  changed 
into  profitable  dairy  animals  by  any  special  system  of  feeding  that 
might  be  adopted  and  the  only  hope  their  owner  can  have  to  make 
any  money  on  them  is  to  sell  them  for  beef.  The  dairy  production  of 
most  cows  can,  however,  be  greatly  improved  by  adopting  a  system 
of  feeding  that  will  provide  plenty  of  feed  of  a  suitable  character, 
both  throughout  the  lactation  period  and  while  the  cows  are  dry.  In 
the  interior  valleys,  alfalfa  is  generally  the  sole  feed  of  cows,  and  if 
of  good  quality  and  supplied  in  ample  amounts,  it  does  very  well 
for  cows  giving  only  a  small  or  medium  flow  of  milk.  Additional  feed 
must,  however,  be  supplied  for  good  dairy  cows  that  produce  two  and 
one-half  to  three  gallons  of  milk  or  over  a  day,  in  order  to  insure 
the  largest  production  of  which  they  are  capable,  viz.,  silage  or  roots, 
when  green  feed  is  not  available,  and  also  some  grain  feed.  Good 
milch  cows  will  give  profitable  returns  for  additional  grain,  even  at 
present  feed  prices  and  when  fed  roughage  of  excellent  quality. 

The  character  and  kinds  of  grain  feeds  to  be  fed  will  depend  on 
the  available  roughage  and  on  the  market  prices  of  the  feeds.  Barley, 
dried  beet  pulp,  cocoanut  meal  and  mill  feeds  are  ordinarily  the 
cheapest  concentrates  in  this  state ;  as  these  feeds  have  approximately 
a  similar  feeding  value,  pound  for  pound,  and  are  of  a  medium  protein 
content,  grain  mixtures  may  be  made  up  in  accordance  with  the 
relative  cost  of  the  feeds.     Common  mixtures  are : 


Dried  beet  pulp,   rolled  barley    (or   wheat  bran),   and  cocoanut 

meal,  in  the  proportion  of  2:1:1,  by  weight. 
Rolled  barley  and  dried  beet  pulp,  equal  parts,  or  mixed  in  the 

proportion  of  1:2  or  1:3. 
Dried  beet  pulp,  3  parts,  and  cocoanut  meal,  1  part. 
Wheat  bran    (or   shorts),   ground   milo    (or  rolled   barley),    and 

cocoanut  meal,  equal  parts  by  weight,  etc. 

These  mixtures  may  be  fed  with  either  alfalfa  hay  alone  or  with 
alfalfa  hay  and  silage  (or  roots).  If  grain  hay  is  fed,  at  least  a  pound 
of  cottonseed  meal  or  linseed  meal  should  be  added  to  supply  suf- 
ficient protein  for  a  maximum  milk  flow. 

The  silo  has  proved  a  good  investment  on  California  dairy  and 
stock  farms,  as  it  has  in  eastern  and  central  states.  It  enables  farmers 
to  secure  a  maximum  feed  supply  from  crops  like  Indian  corn,  sweet 
sorghum,  grain  sorghums  (milo,  Egyptian  corn,  feterita),  small 
grains,  Sudan  grass,  rye  grass  and  clover,  or  alfalfa  (first  and  last 
cuttings  only).1  All  these  crops,  with  the  exception  of  clover  and 
alfalfa,  are  high  in  starchy  components  and  supplement  nicely  alfalfa 
hay  in  feeding  growing  and  milk-producing  animals. 

With  a  silo  on  the  ranch  the  farmer  can  carry  a  maximum  number 
of  cows  and  supply  his  stock  with  palatable  succulent  feed  of  a 
uniform  quality  at  any  time  during  the  year,  thus  furnishing  con- 
ditions that  are  especially  favorable  to  a  large  milk  production. 
Where  silage  crops  cannot  be  grown  successfully,  or  where  conditions 
do  not  permit  the  building  of  silos,  root  crops,  like  mangels,  carrots 
or  turnips,2  may  be  raised  to  advantage  on  good  land;  where  large 
yields  are  obtained,  roots  make  excellent  substitutes  for  silage, 
although  they  are  not  as  convenient  to  feed  out.  On  hilly  land  and 
on  ranches  with  only  small  areas  of  arable  land,  it  is  necessary  to  feed 
some  grain  or  other  concentrates  in  order  to  reach  and  maintain  a 
satisfactory  milk  flow  throughout  the  lactation  period. 

In  order  to  secure  the  best  results  from  a  dairy,  methods  of  herd 
improvement  must  always  be  practiced  along  with  correct  feeding 
methods,  viz.,  culling  the  herd  by  disposing  of  all  low  producers  (cows 
yielding,  say,  less  than  two  gallons  of  milk  daily  during  the  early 


i  For  information  on  the  subject  of  silo  building  or  the  making-  and  feeding 
of  silage,  see  California  Agricultural  Experiment  Station  Circular  138,  ' '  The 
Silo  in  California  Agriculture";  Circular  173,  "The  Wood-hoop  Silo";  and 
Bulletin  282,  "Trials  with  California  Silage  Crops  for  Dairy  Coavs"  (all  free 
upon  application  to  Director,  Agricultural  Experiment  Station,  Berkeley,  Cali- 
fornia). 

2  Except  when  the  milk  is  used  for'  the  manufacture  of  butter,  in  which  case 
turnip  feeding  should  be  avoided. 


part  of  the  lactation),  and  adding  to  the  herd  young  stock  or  milch 
cows  capable  of  a  large  production.  In  all  cases,  the  best  pure-bred 
bull  that  one  can  afford,  of  the  daily  breed  preferred  and  of  a  family 
of  high  producers,  should  be  placed  at  the  head  of  the  herd.  Only 
in  this  way  can  permanent  improvement  in  the  production  of  the 
dairy  be  assured. 

Liberal  feeding  is  always  advisable  for  good  dairy  cows.  It  is 
only  the  feed  eaten  beyond  that  required  for  body  maintenance  which 
gives  returns  ' '  at  the  pail " ;  if  fair  proportions  of  nutrients  of  differ- 
ent character  are  fed,  such  as  are  furnished  in  alfalfa  and  silage 
made  from  the  crops  mentioned  above,  with  or  without  grain,  there 
is  no  danger  of  fattening  good  dairy-bred  cows,  which  are  the  only 
kind  that  permit  of  profitable  dairying  under  present-day  conditions. 

EXAMPLES    OF   RATIONS    FOR    DAIRY    COWS 

As  concrete  illustrations  of  rations  that  may  be  recommended  for 
dairy  cows  of  different  productive  capacity  under  present  conditions 
in  this  state  the  following  are  suggested : 

For  cows  producing  less  than  a  pound  of  butt  erf  at  a  day  (less 
than  three  gallons  of  milk  per  head)  : 

(1)  Thirty  pounds  of  alfalfa  hay  (or  all  they  will  eat). 

(2)  Eighteen  pounds  of  alfalfa  hay,  thirty  pounds  silage  (from 
Indian  corn,  milo  or  sweet  sorghum,  small  grains,  Sudan  grass,  etc.). 

For  cows  producing  over  a  pound  of  butterfat  a  day: 

(1)  Twenty-five  pounds  alfalfa  hay,,  one  pound  of  concentrates 
for  every  four  to  five  pounds  of  milk  produced.  Concentrates  sug- 
gested: Barley  (or  wheat  bran),  dried  beet  pulp,  cocoanut  meal,  mixed 
in  proportion  2:1:1,  by  weight  (or  other  grain  mixtures  given  on 
page  2). 

(2)  Fifteen  pounds  alfalfa  hay,  twenty-five  pounds  silage,  the 
same  grain  mixture  as  above  in  a  somewhat  smaller  proportion,  say 
one  pound  to  every  six  pounds  of  milk. 

If  alfalfa  costs  more  than  40  per  cent  of  the  average  price  of 
the  grain  feeds,  it  is  relatively  expensive,  and  less  hay  and  more  grain 
feeds  will  make  both  a  more  economical  and  efficient  ration  than  those 
suggested. 

When  grain  hay  is  fed  and  not  alfalfa,  either  of  the  above  rations 
will  be  improved  by  adding  about  a  pound  of  cottonseed  or  linseed 
meal  per  head,  since  it  is  necessary  in  this  case  to  supplement  rough- 


4 

age  with  a  grain  mixture  containing  some  high-protein  concentrate; 
linseed  meal  is  too  expensive  to  be  fed  to  dairy  cows  in  any  but  small 
amounts,  but  cottonseed  meal  furnishes  more  protein  for  the  money, 
and,  with  either  of  the  mixtures  given,  makes  a  palatable  and  effective 
grain  feed.  If  it  cannot  be  obtained,  wheat  bran  and  cocoanut  meal 
mixed  in  the  proportion  of  2  or  3:1,  by  weight,  will  make  a  good 
supplement  when  grain  hay  is  fed.3 

CALCULATION    OF    RATIONS 

For  the  convenience  of  farmers  who  want  to  know  in  how  far  the 
rations  they  are  feeding  or  intend  to  feed  conform  to  the  accepted 
standards  for  dairy  cows,  a  table  showing  the  average  composition  of 
common  California  feeding  stuffs  is  given  below.  The  method  of 
calculating  the  digestible  components  of  rations  will  be  readily  under- 
stood from  the  following  examples. 

(1)  A  dairy  cow  fed  alfalfa  only  will  eat,  on  the  average,  about  30 
pounds  per  day.  The  table  shows  that  100  pounds  of  alfalfa  hay 
contain  13.9  pounds  moisture,  9.7  pounds  digestible  protein,  and  38.5 
pounds  digestible  carbohydrates  and  fat.  The  amounts  of  nutrients 
contained  in  30  pounds  are  calculated  as  follows : 

Digestible  protein,  9.7  -s-  100  X  30  =  2.91. 

Digestible  carbohydrates  and  fat,  38.5  -^  100  X  30  =  11.55. 

Thirty  pounds  of  alfalfa  hay  therefore  contain  2.91  pounds  of 
digestible  protein  and  11.55  pounds  of  digestible  carbohydrates  and 
fat.  The  nutritive  ratio  of  the  ration  (i.e.,  the  proportion  of  digestible 
protein  to  digestible  carbohydrates  and  fat)  is  1:4,  which  is  found 
by  dividing  11.55  by  2.91. 

It  has  been  fully  established  through  extensive  scientific  investi- 
gations and  practical  feeding  experience  that  a  good  dairy  cow 
producing  about  20  pounds  of  milk  (2y2  gallons)  will  require  about 
2  to  2.5  pounds  of  digestible  protein  and  12  to  15  pounds  digestible 
carbohydrates  and  fat  in  her  daily  feed.  The  exact  proportion  of 
the  two  kinds  of  nutrients  is  not  important,  but  a  certain  minimum 
amount  of  protein,  say  toward  2  pounds  for  a  cow  yielding  20  pounds 
of  milk,  must  be  supplied,  and  also  sufficient  total  digestible  nutrients 

3  The  following-  publications  of  the  California  College  of  Agriculture  are  of 
special  value  to  the  dairy  farmer  and  are  available  for  distribution : 
Bulletin  271 — Feeding  Dairy  Calves  in  California. 
Bulletin  282 — Trials  with  California  Silage  Crops  for  Dairy  Cows. 
Bulletin  301 — California   State   Dairy   Cow  Competition. 
Bulletin  305 — The  Influence  of  Barley  on  the  Milk  Secretion  of  Cows. 
Circular  167 — Feeding  Stuffs  of  Minor  Importance. 


to  maintain  as  large  a  milk  yield  as  the  cow  is  capable  of  producing. 
The  nutritive  ratio  for  good  dairy  cows  may,  therefore,  vary  accord- 
ing to  the  character  of  the  available  feeds  and  their  relative  cost,  from 
about  1:4  to  1:6  or  7. 

We  note  that  a  ration  of  only  alfalfa  contains  larger  amounts  of 
digestible  protein  and  less  digestible  carbol^drates  and  fat  than 
called  for  by  accepted  feeding  standards.  While  furnishing  sufficient 
nutrients  for  low-producing  cows,  such  a  ration  of  alfalfa  only  does 
not  enable  good  dairy  cows  to  make  the  best  possible  production. 
Direct  experiments  conducted  at  this  station  have  shown  that  an 
increase  of  up  to  25  per  cent  in  milk  or  butterfat  may  be  confidently 
expected  by  including  in  the  ration  fed  such  cows,  low-protein 
succulent  feeds,  like  silage  from  Indian  corn,  sorghum,  etc.,  with 
additional  grain  feed  of  medium-protein  content. 

(2)  As  an  example  of  calculating  such  a  ration,  we  shall  assume 
that  the  following  combination  is  fed :  15  pounds  alfalfa  hay,  25 
pounds  corn  silage,  and  6  pounds  of  a  grain  mixture  composed  of 
dried  beet  pulp,  rolled  barley  and  cocoanut  meal  in  the  proportion 
of  2  : 1 : 1,  by  weight  (see  page  6) . 

15  lbs.  alfalfa  hay : 

Dig.  pro.  9.7  -h  100  X  15  =  1.46  lbs.  Dig.  c.  +  f.  38.5  -^  100  X  15  =  5.78 
25  lbs.  Indian  corn  silage: 

Dig.  pro.  1.4  -r-  100  X  25  —  .35  lbs.  Dig.  c.  +  f.  15.8  ~  100  X  15  =  3.95 
3  lbs.  dried  beet  pulp: 

Dig.  pro.  4.1  -j-  100  X  3=  .12  lbs.  Dig.  c.  +  f.  64.9  ■+-  100  X  3  =  1.95 
1.5  lbs.  rolled  barley: 

Dig.  pro.  9.4  -MOO  X  1.5=  .14  lbs.  Dig.  c.  +  f.  75.9  -MOO  X  1.5  =  1.14 
1.5  lb.  cocoanut  meal: 

Dig.  pro.  16.4-M00  X1.5=    .25  lbs.     Dig.  c.  +  f.  64.2  -f-  100  X  1.5  =    .96 


Totals  2.32  lbs.  13.78 

Nutritive  ratio  1:5.9 

It  will  be  seen  that  the  ration  given  contains  on  the  average  2.32 
pounds  digestible  protein  and  13.78  pounds  digestible  carbohydrates 
and  fat,  its  nutritive  ratio  being  1:5.9.  Both  as  regards  the  amounts 
of  nutrients  furnished  and  the  ratio  of  the  two  kinds  of  nutrients, 
this  ration  comes  close  to  the  standard  and  will  doubtless  prove  an 
efficient  and  economical  ration  for  good  dairy  cows  under  ordinary 
conditions  of  the  feed  stuffs  market  in  this  state. 


Composition  of  Common  California  Feeding  Stuffs,  in  Per  Cent 

.-  Digestible              Carbohydrates          Nutr.   Ratio, 

Concentrates  Moisture  Protein  1: 

Tankage   7.5  54.0  28.6                         0.5 

Cottonseed  meal   7.0  37.6  43.0                          1.1 

Linseed  meal  9.8  30.2  47.5                         1.6 

Cocoanut  meal  14.1  16.4  64.2                          3.9 

Wheat  bran  •  11.9  11.9  47.6                          4.0 

Wheat   middlings    ....  11.2  13.0  55.8                          4.3 

Rolled    oats    10.4  10.7  62.3                         5.8 

Boiled  barley  10.8  9.4  75.9                          8.1 

Egyptian  corn  12.6  8.0  71.0                          8.9 

Indian  corn   10.6  7.8  76.5                          9.8 

Rice    bran    10.1  7.9  57.9                          7.3 

Milo  maize  10.7  8.7  71.2                          8.2 

Paddy    rice    9.6  4.7  68.4  14.6 

Dried  beet  pulp 8.4  4.1  64.9  15.8 

Cane  molasses  29.5  1.4  59.2  42.3 

Dry  Roughage 

Alfalfa  hay  13^9  9.7  38.5                         4.0 

Lima-bean    straw    ....  10.0  5.4  41.5                         7.7 

Oat   hay   12.0  4,5  41.9                          9.3 

Barley  hay  7.4  4.6  50.2  10.9 

Sudan  grass  hay 7.2  3.0  51.4  17.1 

Milo    stalks    11.1  1.9  42.6  22.4 

Corn   stalks    40.5  1.4  32.8  23.4 

Oat  straw 9.2  1.3  41.3  31.8 

Rice  straw  7.5  0.9  38.5  42.8 

Green  Feeds 

Green   alfalfa   71.8  3.6  13.0                         3.6 

Green  kafir   corn 76.1  1.7  13.5                          7.9 

Rye-grass  pasture  ....  73.2  1.5  14.2                          9.5 

Indian  corn  79.3  1.0  12.8  12.8 

Sweet  sorghum   75.1  0.7    *  15.5  22.1 

Silage 

Alfalfa  silage  74.4  2.3  12.8                         5.6 

Oat    silage   72.0  1.5  16.8  11.2 

Indian   corn    silage..  73.6  1.4  15.8  11.3 

Sweet  sorghum  silage  77.2  0.6  12.7  21.2 

Milo  silage  74.6  0.6  12.9  21.5 

Roots,  etc. 

Mangels    90.9  1.0  6.0                          6.0 

Sugar  beet  leaves  and 

tops   76.0  1.3  9.1                          7.0 

Sugar  beets  86.5  1.3  10.0  7.7 

Turnips  90.1  0.9  6.6  9.3 

Carrots    88.6  0.8  8.4  10.5 

Potatoes   79.1  1.1  15.9  14.5 


STATION  PUBLICATIONS  AVAILABLE  FOR  FREE  DISTRIBUTION 


BULLETINS 

No.  No. 

168.  Observations   on    Some   Vine   Diseases  278. 

in   Sonoma   County.  279. 

169.  Tolerance  of  the  Sugar  Beet  for  Alkali.  280. 
174.  A  New  Wine  Cooling  Machine. 

185.   Report  of  Progress  in  Cereal  Investi-  281. 
gations. 

208.   The  Late  Blight  of  Celery.  282. 

216.  A  Progress  Report  upon  Soil  and  Cli- 
matic  Factors   Influencing  the  Com-  283. 
position  of  Wheat.  284. 

230.   Enological  Investigations.  285. 

242.   Humus  in  California  Soils.  286. 

250.  The  Loquat.  288. 

251.  Utilization  of  the  Nitrogen  and  Organi< 

Matter    in    Septic    and    Imhoff   Tank  290. 
Sludges. 

252.  Deterioration  of  Lumber.  292. 

253.  Irrigation   and   Soil   Conditions  in   the 

Sierra    Nevada   Foothills,    California.  293. 

255.  The  Citricola   Scale.  296. 

257.   New   Dosage   Tables.  297. 

261.  Melaxuma    of    the    Walnut,     "Juglans  298. 

regia."  299. 

262.  Citrus   Diseases   of    Florida    and   Cuba 

Compared  with  Those  of  California.  300. 

263.  Size  Grades  for  Ripe  Olives.  301. 

264.  The  Calibration  of  the  Leakage  Meter. 

266.  A  Spotting  of  Citrus  Fruits  Due  to  the  302. 

Action    of    Oil    Liberated    from    the 

Rind.  303. 

267.  Experiments  with  Stocks  for  Citrus.  304. 

268.  Growing  and  Grafting  Olive  Seedlings. 

270.  A  Comparison  of  Annual  Cropping,  Bi-  305. 

ennial  Cropping,  and  Green  Manures 

on  the  Yield  of  Wheat.  306. 

271.  Feeding  Dairy  Calves  in  California.  307. 

272.  Commercial   Fertilizers.  308. 

273.  Preliminary  Report  on  Kearney  Vine- 

yard Experimental  Drain. 

274.  The  Common  Honey  Bee  as  an  Agent 

in  Prune  Pollination.  309. 

275.  The  Cultivation  of  Belladonna  in  Cali- 

fornia. 310. 

276.  The  Pomegranate.  311. 

277.  Sudan  Grass. 

CIRCULARS 

No.  No. 

50.   Fumigation   Scheduling.  136. 

65.   The  California  Insecticide  Law.  137. 

69.  The  Extermination  of  Morning-Glory.  138. 

70.  Observations    on    the    Status    of    Corn  139. 

Growing  in  California. 
76.   Hot  Room  Callusing. 
82.   The     Common     Ground     Squirrels     of  140. 

California. 
87.   Alfalfa. 
107.   Spraying  Walnut  Trees  for  Blight  and 

Aphis  Control. 

109.  Community  or  Local  Extension  Work 

by  the  High  School  Agricultural  De- 
partment. 

110.  Green  Manuring  in  California. 

111.  The  Use  of  Lime  and  Gypsum  on  Cali- 

fornia  Soils. 

113.  Correspondence  Courses  in  Agriculture. 

114.  Increasing  the  Duty  of  Water. 

115.  Grafting  Vinifera  Vineyards. 
117.  The    Selection    and    Cost    of    a    Small 

Pumping   Plant. 
124.   Alfalfa  Silage  for  Fattening  Steers. 

126.  Spraying  for  the  Grape  Leaf  Hopper. 

127.  House  Fumigation. 

128.  Insecticide  Formulas. 

129.  The  Control  of  Citrus  Insects. 

130.  Cabbage  Growing  in  California. 

131.  Spraying  for  Control  of  Walnut  Aphis. 
133.   County  Farm  Adviser. 
135.  Official  Tests  of  Dairy  Cows. 


142. 

143. 

144. 
147. 
148. 
151. 
152. 

153. 

154. 

155. 
156. 
157. 
158. 
160. 
162. 

164. 


Grain   Sorghums. 

Irrigation  of  Rice  in  California. 

Irrigation  of  Alfalfa  in  the  Sacramento 
Valley. 

Control  of  the  Pocket  Gopher  in  Cali- 
fornia. 

Trials  with  California  Silage  Crops  for 
Dairy  Cows. 

The  Olive  Insects  of  California. 

Irrigation  of  Alfalfa  in  Imperial  Valley. 

The  Milch  Goat  in  California. 

Commercial   Fertilizers. 

Potash  from  Tule  and  the  Fertilizer 
Value  of  Certain  Marsh  Plants. 

The  June  Drop  of  Washington  Navel 
Oranges. 

Green  Manure  Crops  in  Southern  Cali- 
fornia. 

Sweet   Sorghums  for  Forage. 

Topping  and   Pinching  Vines. 

The  Almond  in  California. 

Seedless  Raisin  Grapes. 

The  Use  of  Lumber  on  California 
Farms. 

Commercial  Fertilizers. 

California  State  Dairy  Cow  Competi- 
tion,  1916-18. 

Control  of  Ground  Squirrels  by  the 
Fumigation  Method. 

Grape  Syrup. 

A  Study  on  the  Effects  of  Freezes  on 
Citrus  in  California. 

The  Influence  of  Barley  on  the  Milk 
Secretion  of  Cows. 

Almond   Pollination. 

Pollination  of  the  Bartlett  Pear. 

I.  Fumigation  with  Liquid  Hydrocianic 
Acid.  II.  Physical  and  Chemical 
Properties  of  Liquid  Hydrocianic 
Acid. 

I.  The  Carob  in  California.  II.  Nutri- 
tive Value  of  the  Carob  Bean. 

Plum  Pollination. 

Investigations  with  Milking  Machines. 


Melilotus  Indica. 

Wood  Decay  in  Orchard  Trees. 

The  Silo  in  California  Agriculture. 

The  Generation  of  Hydrocyanic  Acid 
Gas  in  Fumigation  by  Portable 
Machines. 

The  Practical  Application  of  Improved 
Methods  of  Fermentation  in  Califor- 
nia Wineries  during  1913  and  1914. 

Practical  and  Inexpensive  Poultry 
Appliances. 

Control  of  Grasshoppers  in  Imperial 
Valley. 

Oidium  or  Powdery  Mildew  of  the  Vine. 

Tomato  Growing  in  California. 

"Lungworms". 

Feeding  and  Management  of  Hogs. 

Some  Observations  on  the  Bulk  Hand- 
ling of  Grain  in  California. 

Announcement  of  the  California  State 
Dairy  Cow  Competition,   1916-18. 

Irrigation  Practice  in  Growing  Small 
Fruits  in  California. 

Bovine  Tuberculosis. 

How  to  Operate  an  Incubator. 

Control  of  the  Pear  Scab. 

Home  and  Farm  Canning. 

Lettuce  Growing  in  California. 

White  Diarrhoea  and  Coccidiosis  of 
Chicks. 

Small  Fruit  Culture  in  California, 


CIRCULARS — Continued 


No.  No. 

165.  Fundamentals   of    Sugar   Beet   Culture  189. 

under  California  Conditions.  190. 

166.  The  County  Farm  Bureau.  191. 

167.  Feeding  Stuffs  of  Minor  Importance.  193. 

168.  Spraying     for    the     Control     of     Wild  195. 

Morning-Glory  within  the   Fog  Belt. 

169.  The    1918   Grain   Crop.  197. 

170.  Fertilizing     California     Soils     for     the 

1918   Crop.  198. 

172.  Wheat  Culture.  199. 

173.  The    Construction    of    the    Wood-Hoop  200. 

Silo. 

174.  Farm  Drainage  Methods.  201. 

175.  Progress  Report  on  the  Marketing  and  202. 

Distribution  of  Milk. 

176.  Hog  Cholera  Prevention  and  the  Serum  203. 

Treatment.  204. 

177.  Grain    Sorghums. 

178.  The  Packing  of  Apples  in  California.  205. 

179.  Factors   of     Importance    in    Producing  206. 

Milk  of  Low   Bacterial   Count.  207. 

181.  Control     of      the     California     Ground  208. 

Squirrel. 

182.  Extending  the  Area  of  Irrigated  Wheat  209. 

in   California  for  1918.  210. 

183.  Infectious  Abortion  in  Cows.  211. 

184.  A  Flock  of  Sheep  on  the  Farm.  212. 

185.  Beekeeping   for   the    Fruit-grower    and  213. 

Small  Rancher  or  Amateur.  214. 

187.  Utilizing  the   Sorghums. 

188.  Lambing  Sheds. 


Winter  Forage  Crops. 

Agriculture  Clubs  in   California. 

Pruning  the  Seedless  Grapes. 

A  Study  of  Farm  Labor  in  California. 

Revised  Compatibility  Chart  of  Insecti- 
cides and  Fungicides. 

Suggestions  for  Increasing  Egg  Produc- 
tion in  a  Time  of  High-Feed  Prices. 

Syrup  from   Sweet  Sorghum. 

Onion  Growing  in  California. 

Growing  the  Fall  or  Second  Crop  of 
Potatoes  in  California. 

Helpful  Hints  to  Hog  Raisers. 

County  Organization  for  Rural  Fire 
Control. 

Peat   as   a  Manure   Substitute. 

Handbook  of  Plant  Diseases  and  Pest 
Control. 

Blackleg. 

Jack  Cheese. 

Neufchatel   Cheese. 

Summary  of  the  Annual  Reports  of  the 
Farm  Advisors  of  California. 

The  Function  of  the  Farm  Bureau. 

Suggestions  to  the  Settler  in  California. 

Saving  Raisins  by  Sulfuring. 

Salvaging  Rain-Damaged  Prunes. 

Evaporators  for  Prune  Drying. 

Seed  Treatment  for  the  Prevention  of 
Cereal  Smuts. 


